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near passerine
Near passerine or higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) due to ecological similarities; the group corresponds to some extent with the Anomalogonatae of Alfred Henry Garrod.〔Garrod defined his Anomalogonatae as birds lacking the ''ambiens'' muscle, namely the coraciforms and passerines. ''The Birds of North and Middle America'', Robert Ridgway, Herbert Friedmann, p. 297. http://books.google.com/books?id=tIkaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA297&dq=anomalogonate&hl=en&ei=Sp1bTrj4FIbagAfAhsCVDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=anomalogonate&f=false〕
==Biology==
All near passerines are land birds. Whether ''all'' of these orders represent relatives of the Passeriformes is not well-supported by more recent molecular data; however the bulk of evidence supports the hypothesis that most do indeed form a clade that also includes the Passeriformes. In addition, it is now becoming increasingly clear that "near passerines" and "higher landbirds" are not synonymous, but that the former is more probably a subclade of the latter.
Per Ericson and colleagues, in analysing genomic DNA, revealed a lineage comprising Passerines, Psittaciformes and Falconiformes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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